are aussies traveling too much??

21/08/2008
are-aussies-traveling-too-much

some people are sanctimonious prats, desperate for column inches … an article by adele horin (which somehow got published by the sydney morning herald) suggests that aussies travel too much and that our carbon footprint is too big. she says that aussies are hypocrits because we claim to be environmentally concerned yet spend lots of time flying (which produces enormous co2 emissions). her diatribe was the result of some kind of ‘awakening’ after she listened to richard begbie on abc radio, denouncing air travel as the last environmental taboo.

wired magazine posted something of a rebuttal to her statements here.

my opinion on this is that it’s easy to denounce plane travel, especially after you’ve been doing it for a while and suddenly decide that it’s wrong. very convenient when you’re no longer a regular traveler. my other problem with her rant is that it’s also easy to be critical without being constructive.

as discussed, australia is an isolated country. so there are numerous arguments in support of our need for plane travel. the simple practicalities are that we have no other feasible way of getting places away from our big, far flung continent. it’s a different case for america, england and europe. most people in the northern hemisphere can travel by land or sea … or short plane trips, such as from new york to london. so i completely agree that plane travel is not a necessary form of transportation when other alternatives do exist.

the second problem is that australia has a very small population. 19 million ockers pales in comparison to america’s 300 million, the uk’s 70 million and a few hundred million spread across europe. such large populations makes it easier for mass transport to be profitable. travel anywhere within australia is expensive, because of the massive distances and lack of infrastructure to support it. i remember flying from london to amsterdam for 50 quid. that would never be possible in australia. it cost me nearly as much to catch a train from rockhamption to the gold coast.

that leads to my point, that air travel (despite its huge co2 emissions) isn’t the big problem. two hundred million cars driving around the world on a daily basis is one of the biggest co2 problems we have. the daily waste of oil and the daily pollution of the atmosphere is a more serious issue. currently, america is reluctant to increase emission standards and other companies are increasing standards only in the face of growing criticism. where air travel is necessary for australians, cars are not necessary for 50% of drivers around the world who live in cities with very good public transport systems; seoul, tokyo, new york and paris are good examples.

developing countries are also bigger problems. china is outpacing america and will continue to grow … further, as many chinese become richer, the lure of foreign travel is going to result in more planes in the sky. put 2% of china’s population in the air and that represents 25 million air travelers … more than my country’s population. africa and india are developing too, which adds another 2 billion to the number of people who are increasing their co2 usage … so while rich countries are decreasing their usage, 4 times more people are increasing their usage.

the polution that is created on a daily basis (vehicles, factories, etc) is a far more immediate problem. air travel too, while being a problem, is one that cannot be overcome so easily. all experts agree that there are no readily available alternatives … especially for countries like australia and new zealand which are so remote. air travel can definitely be reduced. people can travel by land and sea where possible. video lectures and conferencing is also a reasonable alternative for people who travel on business.

another alternative is for the australian government to support australians who want to travel, by helping aussies get abroad without using planes. it may sound ridiculous, but traveling to darwin by train, then a boat to singapore would put aussies in the heart of asia. from there it’s a train ride to bangkok or a flight to europe. the travel time would be over a week, but the emissions would be cut dramatically. for travelers and retirees, the extra travel time is not a problem. the costs are higher, sure, but the government can offset such costs by providing tax exemptions to companies who offer cross-continental travel options.

bali is also close to australia, and is one of our favourite travel destinations. i don’t see any reasons why it cannot be reached by train (to north queensland or darwin) and ship.

i never said that these solutions were practical … i said they were alternatives.

aussies do have a traveling spirit, so i don’t see why we should be punished when the rest of the world decides that air travel is wrong. sure, it is wrong for most, but for a few it’s very necessary. nobody needs to fly from london to paris, or from new york to miami. but to escape the great southern land, there aren’t many choices … short of spending a month on a boat.

next year i start my world travels and i plan on taking as few planes as possible … my estimate is 3 or 4 plane trips in 18 months and 50 countries … it can be done.

where there’s a will, there’s a way … so stop picking on a few fair dinkum travelers, when the other problems are far far greater.

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statistics about korea

24/05/2008
statistics-about-korea

this week i’ve been teaching my students statistics about korea. the idea was to ask them to guess information about their own country and see how close they were. then i’d tell them the real statistics and we’d discuss it. the lessons worked really well. here are some of the statistics i used:

1.  smoking

1 in 3 koreans smoke. the official statistic is 30% of people above 15 years of age (WHO). while smoking in advanced countries is dropping (canada is 20%) the number of smokers in developing countries is rising by 3.5% per year. bhutan, interestingly, is the only country in the world which has banned smoking (and the sales of cigarettes) nationally.

2. birthrate

korea has the lowest birthrate in the world at 1.2 children per family (some organisations list korea as 1.1). this number has been dropping quickly. for reference, japan’s birthrate is 1.3, america is 2.1, brazil is 2.3 and afghanistan is 7.2 (WHO). the average birthrate to sustain a country’s population is 2.4.

korea’s current population growth is 0.3% annually. this number, obviously, is dropping like a stone.

3. life expectancy

korea’s average life expectancy is 78 years. for women, life expectancy is 82 and for men it’s 75. this is quite high and a testiment to the rapid developments in korea over the past 40 years. remember that korea was one of the world’s poorest nations in 1960.

4. aging population

according to the UN, nations with a retired population (citizens over 65) higher than 7% are added to an ‘aging population’ watchlist. currently, korea’s popluation over 65 is 9.9%. by 2026 it will be over 20%. to put that into perspective, korea has around 50 million people. of which, 5 million are retirees. the OECD predicts that by 2050, korea’s population will be 42 million (down 8 million from now) and the elderly will make up 37% of the total population. this represents a huge drain on korea’s economy and families, who are expected to support the elderly.

5. the elderly

this is the one that shocked my students. elderly suicide is defined as people over 65 who kill themselves. the statistic is calculated per every 100,000 elderly citizens. for reference, australia and america’s elderly suicide rate is 10 per 100,000. japan is 19. hungary is 23.

in 1996, korean elderly suicide was 26 per 100,000. in 2006 it was 72 per 100,000. this means that 3600 elderly koreans committed suicide in 2006 alone. this situtation is without doubt caused by the burden that the elderly feel when they are forced to rely on their families for support. elderly koreans are often lonely or abandoned by their families.

in 2000, the average rate of poverty amongst households was 8% but was 39% amongst elderly households (OECD).

in korea 1% of elderly receive long term government care (institutional or at home). 0.3% of the gdp is spent on long term care for the elderly. this is the lowest amongst OECD countries. the average number of elderly citizens receiving long term government care is 14%.

6. population density

korea’s population is amonst the highest in the world. there are 493 koreans per square kilometer. with the exception of bangladadesh, all of the countries above korea are islands (bermuda, maldives, barbados) or city countries (singapore, hong kong). australia has 2.6 people per square kilometer, the 6th lowest in the world. america has 54 people per square kilometer and the united kingdom has 246.

7. education

korean education is predictable and a little scary at the same time. primary school completion rate is 100% and secondary school enrolment is 95%. there are more than 20 universities in seoul, 7 of which are women’s universities.

amongst oecd countries, korea ranks #1 in science literacy, #2 is math education and #6 in reading literacy. korea is ranked #174 out of 191 countries in geographical aptitude (finding places on a map). this is small evidence of korea’s emphasis on sciences and math (and now english). there’s virtually no education in arts, music (except private academies), geography or other social sciences … this trend continues into adulthood. if my adult students (all of whom are university graduates) were to undertake a simple geography test, i’m sure the results would be exceptionally low.

korea only has 1 university in the top 100 (globally) and 13 universities in the top 500 (globally).

8. general statistics

  • 1 million new vehicle registrations were given last year. this number is rising by about 5% per year.
  • korea has 34 million internet users, a number rising by nearly a million a year.
  • public spending is the lowest of all OECD countries, at 6% of the gdp (the average is 21%)
  • korea introduced the national pension plan for public servants in 1998. korea has one of the lowest retiring ages in the world, where workers are able to retire as low as 60 years of age. 58% of the labour force contributes to the national pension, and 40% of working age citizens contribute (america is 91% and 71% respectively).
  • korea’s poverty rate is about 13%. it’s at the high end, but still lower than mexico (the highest), america, turkey, ireland, japan, portugal and greece.
  • immunisation rates are 99% nationally
  • korea consumes 2,135,000 barrels of oil per day
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